The Era of Big Fiscal Spending Has Only Just Begun

Australia is fortifying the economy with huge government spending that will last well beyond this year's projected global rebound. With Covid-19 infections resurgent in Asia, prompting fresh curbs on activity, it’s time to shift our thinking about the longevity of big-ticket stimulus. This isn’t going to be a one-shot deal.

Prime Minister Scott Morrison's team forecast this week a shortfall worth 5% of gross domestic product in the year through June 2022, greater than anticipated. Finances will be in the red at least until 2025, officials predict. (This, in a country once fixated on a balanced budget.) The message contrasts starkly with pledges by Morrison and Treasurer Josh Frydenberg in late 2019 that they would deliver surpluses. Treasury, meanwhile, expects GDP will rise 5.25% this calendar year, before cooling to 2.75% in 2022. The government is also trying to drive unemployment down to levels rarely seen in the past half-century.

Australia certainly isn't the only place to unleash fiscal stimulus to combat the pandemic; the U.S., Japan and Europe have all primed the pump. What’s distinctive is that previous antipathy to deficits has gone out the window. When you consider that the country's borders are likely to stay effectively shut through late 2022 and the vaccine rollout is severely delayed, the approach makes more sense. “The pandemic has heralded an era of permanently larger public spending,” Marcel Thieliant, a senior economist at Capital Economics, wrote after Frydenberg's annual budget speech Tuesday. It doesn’t hurt that the central bank is sending strong signals that it will extend quantitative easing and, possibly, the practice of capping yields on some government bonds. Both measures would hold down the cost of borrowing to finance deficits.